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THE WORK COMP BLOG

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Do Undocumented Workers Qualify for Workers Compensation?

Immigration reform and enforcement of immigration laws have become a political hot topic, especially in light of Arizona’s enactment of several laws aimed at getting more undocumented residents to leave the state. In North Carolina, that debate hasn’t impacted the state’s workers’ compensation laws.

Under §97-2 of the state’s Workers’ Compensation Act, the definition of “employee” states in part,

(E)very person engaged in an employment under any appointment or contract of hire or apprenticeship, express or implied, oral or written, including aliens, and also minors, whether lawfully or unlawfully employed, but excluding persons whose employment is both casual and not in the course of the trade, business, profession, or occupation of his employer…

The key language is that the law covers “aliens…whether lawfully or unlawfully employed…” Big picture, national immigration issues took a back seat (if they were thought of at all) when the legislature wrote this section and when it was signed into law.

There can be lengthy debates about immigration reform, but in North Carolina, if a worker is hurt on the job and otherwise qualifies for benefits, his or her immigration status is irrelevant. Under federal law, employers are required to at least try to find out the status of a job applicant and not hire the person if he or she can’t legally work in the U.S. But that doesn’t impact workers’ compensation benefits once a person is hired, legally or not.

If undocumented workers couldn’t get workers’ compensation benefits, it would make it cheaper for employers to hire undocumented workers and create an incentive to break federal law, since these workers wouldn’t have to be covered by workers compensation insurance. If an undocumented worker couldn’t work because of an on the job injury, the employer could wash its hands of the worker. Given the person’s immigration status, the worker would probably be reluctant to file a personal injury action to get compensation and payment for medical bills.

No matter what your immigration status, if you have questions about workers’ compensation or are thinking about filing a claim, contact our office.

P: 828-252-2852

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FREQUENTLY ASKED WORKERS' COMPENSATION QUESTIONS

Q. I was involved in a car accident while working. Can I make a claim against the car insurance in addition to the workers’ compensation insurance company?

A. Yes. You will likely have a workers’ compensation claim regardless of how the car accident occurred. If the wreck was caused by someone else’s negligence, you will also have a personal injury claim against the responsible party. You should consult a lawyer familiar with both personal injury and workers’ compensation law to make sure these claims are brought in proper legal procedure. Failure to coordinate both claims could result in enforceable liens of one or both of the insurance payouts.

Q. How do lawyers get paid for handling WC cases?

A. Generally, lawyers will charge a contingent fee of 25% of the settlement. Contingent fees are payable only if the case is successful. While most fees are set at the settlement of the case, some fees are collected while the claim is pending. Charging legal fees at any time without approval of the NC Industrial Commission is a Class 1 misdemeanor crime in our State. Most lawyers will advance the expenses of a claim with the understanding that these costs will be recovered when the matter is settled.

Q. My spouse was killed while working on the job. Can I make a claim in addition to workers’ compensation?

A. Possibly. You would likely have a workers’ compensation claim regardless of how your spouse’s fatal injury happened. If the cause of death was due to the negligence of a third person, you will probably have a wrongful death claim in addition to the workers’ compensation action. You should consult a lawyer familiar with both personal injury and workers’ compensation law to make sure that the claims are brought in proper legal procedure. Failure to coordinate multiple claims could result in enforceable liens on one or both of the insurance payouts.

Q. Can my employer fire me while I am on workers’ compensation?

A. No. The Retaliatory Employment Discrimination Act (REDA) specifically prevents employers from firing you because you filed a WC claim against them. REDA protects you from any firing, demotion, punishment, or other retaliatory action the employer may try to take against you. You may be able to sue for monetary damages for a REDA violation. REDA also covers co-workers who testify in WC hearings on behalf of an injured worker. For guidance in filing a REDA claim, you should contact the NC Department of Labor at (919) 807-2796 or 1-800-NCLABOR.

Can my employer fire me while I am on WC?

Retaliatory Employment Discrimination Act (REDA) protects employees who file WC claims. This law allows employees to sue the employer for monetary damages if the employer fires, demotes, punishes or takes any retaliatory action against the employee just because the employee files or testifies in a workers' compensation case. An attorney can give you the correct form to file a REDA complaint with the Department of Labor or you may call the Department of Labor at 1-800-522-6762.

Q. Can I be disabled under WC guidelines if the only problems I have are psychological in nature?

A. Yes. WC law recognizes mental or physical ailments that prevent you from working at your pre injury job or other “suitable” employment making similar earnings. Disability that results from pure mental difficulties are compensable but generally have to be supported by treating mental health care professionals.

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Contemporaneous Workers’ Compensation and Social Security Disability Claims

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